When Is It Right To Fight - 2

John Weaver | SermonAudio

Lecture MetadataDetails
SpeakerJohn Weaver
SourceSermonAudio
Media ID1017111622262
SubjectCovenant Theology
CourseCovenant Theology: Blessings, Curses, and Sanctions: The Hallelujah of Confession
GenreSermon
Date2006-12-15
Dictation Name
BookBook 036: When Is It Right To Fight — Chapter 2
Source Timed Segments80

Synopsis: John Weaver continues his exposition of Deuteronomy 20, focusing on the military exemptions listed in verses 5-8. He argues that these exemptions demonstrate the priority of family and covenant life over warfare, and that God sovereignly ordains both the time and means of death, enabling believers to fight in faith without fear.


Formatted Transcript

Opening

Deuteronomy 20, and once again let's read the entire chapter. I won't get to preach all of it today, but at least I'll get another start on it. Deuteronomy 20, beginning with verse 1, "When thou goest out to battle against thine enemies, and seest horses and chariots, and a people more than thou, be not afraid of them. For the Lord thy God is with thee, who brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. It shall be when thou comest unto the battle, that the priests shall approach, and speak unto the people, and shall say unto them, Hear, O Israel, you approach this day unto battle against your enemies." "Let not your hearts faint, fear not, and do not tremble, neither be ye terrified because of them. For the Lord your God is he that goeth with you to fight for you against your enemies, to save you. And the officers shall speak unto the people, saying, What man is there that hath built a new house, and hath not dedicated it? Let him go and return to his house, lest he die in battle, and another man dedicate it. And what man is he that hath planted a vineyard, and hath not yet eaten of it? Let him also go and return into his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man eat of it. And what man is there that hath betrothed a wife, and hath not taken her? Let him go and return into his house, lest he die in battle, and another man take her. And the officers shall speak further unto the people, and they shall say, What man is there that is fearful and fainthearted? Let him go and return into his house, lest his brethren's heart faint as well as his heart."

"It shall be, when the officers have made an end of speaking unto the people, that they shall make captains of the armies to lead the people. When thou comest nigh unto a city to fight against it, then proclaim peace unto it. It shall be, if it make thee an answer of peace and open unto thee, then it shall be that all the people that is found therein shall be tributaries to thee, and they shall serve thee. And if it will make no peace with thee, but will make war against thee, then thou shalt besiege it. And when the Lord thy God hath delivered it into thine hands, thou shalt smite every male thereof with the edge of the sword. But the women of the little ones, and the cattle, and all that is in the city, even all the spoil thereof, shalt thou take in thyself. Thou shalt eat the spoil of thine enemies, which the Lord thy God hath given thee. Thus shalt thou do unto all the cities which are very far off from thee, which are not of the cities of these nations."

"But of the cities of these people which the Lord thy God doth give thee for an inheritance, thou shalt save alive nothing that breatheth, but thou shalt utterly destroy them, namely the Hittites, the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, the Jebusites, as the Lord thy God hath commanded thee, that they teach you not to do after all their abominations which they have done unto their gods, so should you sin against the Lord your God. When thou shalt besiege a city a long time, and making war against it, to take it, thou shalt not destroy the trees thereof by forcing an axe against them. For thou mayest eat of them, and thou shalt not cut them down." "For the tree of the field is a man's life, to employ them in the siege. Only the trees which thou knowest, that they be not trees for meat, thou shalt destroy and cut them down. And thou shalt build bulwarks against the city that maketh war with thee, until it be subdued."

Now, very obviously we've been dealing with the biblical doctrine of war. For those of you who were not here last week, I began by speaking on Deuteronomy chapter 20 verses 1 through 4 on the subject of military regulations, and there are a number of regulations in this chapter. There are others throughout the Bible. But I pointed out at least four things last week, and I just want to review them.

Review of Previous Teaching

Weaver reviews four points from the prior sermon: wars are assumed facts, numerical odds are inconsequential, superior armaments are inconsequential, and the stated advantage is God's presence with His people.

First of all, fightings and wars are assumed facts in Scriptures. They are an assumed reality. For instance, Deuteronomy 20 verse 1 says,

Scripture Reading — Deuteronomy 20:1-4
"Thou goest to battle against thine enemies,"

not if, but when. So it is an assumed fact. I showed you other scriptures as well. Secondly, I pointed out, according to verse 1, that numerical odds are inconsequential to the people of faith. For he said,

Scripture Reading — Deuteronomy 20:1-4
"When thou goest to battle against thine enemies and seest horses, chariots, and a people more than thou."

And then I pointed out, thirdly, how superior armaments are inconsequential to the people of faith, because he talked about horses and chariots, and these were the tanks and the bombers in the Old Testament, so to speak. And then fourthly, I pointed out that the major difference or the stated advantage is this for the people of faith:

Scripture Reading — Deuteronomy 20:1-4
"For the Lord thy God is with thee."

And once again in verse four,

Scripture Reading — Deuteronomy 20:1-4
"For the Lord your God is he that goeth with you to fight for you against your enemies to save you."

So the stated advantage that the people of God have over all of the enemies of God and the enemies of God's people is the fact that God is with his people.

The Reality of Death in Battle

Even righteous men may die in battle, as God has appointed both the end and the means of death. Scripture teaches that our days are determined by God.

Now isn't it interesting that here is a truth that most of us do not want to face. It's a very important fact that we understand that men die in battle. Now listen to me. Even righteous men, fighting for a righteous cause, sometimes die in battle. Now, these exemptions, at least these three right here, are based upon the fact lest an individual die. Now, it is a general truth of Scripture that God protects his own in battle.

Exemption for the Man with a New House

The first exemption is for a man who has built a new house but not dedicated it, meaning he has not yet trained his household. He is sent home lest he die and another man dedicate it.

"And the officer shall speak unto the people, saying, What man is there that hath built a new house, and hath not dedicated it? Let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man dedicate it." So the first exemption, then, is for someone who has built a new house and has not dedicated it.

Exemption for the Man with a New Vineyard

The second exemption is for a man who has planted a vineyard but not eaten of it. Based on Leviticus 19, this could exempt a man for up to five years.

Scripture Reading — Deuteronomy 20:5-8
Now, what most of us do not understand, or I should say what we do not perceive, is the long-term exemption that is implied in these two cases. First of all, when you talk about training your children, your little children, you're probably talking about something that's going to last four or five years. Here's a man that has planted a vineyard, and he has not been able to eat of it. This exemption could exempt a man up to five years from military service. You say, how in the world could it exempt a man up to five years? Well, hold Deuteronomy chapter 20, but look in your Bibles to the book of Leviticus chapter 19. Leviticus chapter 19. Note, if you would, verses 23 through 25. Leviticus chapter 19, beginning there with verse 23. God says, "And when ye shall come into the land, and shall have planted all manner of trees for food, then ye shall count the fruit thereof as uncircumcised for unclean three years, shall it be uncircumcised unto you, it shall not be eaten of you. But in the fourth year all the fruit thereof shall be holy, to praise the Lord withal. And in the fifth year shall you eat of the fruit thereof, that it may yield unto you the increase thereof. I am the Lord your God." So God said, the first three years that you plant a vineyard, all the fruit is unclean, let it fall to the ground. The fourth year, everything on those vines belongs to God. The fifth year, he says, you may eat. So here's a man, if he just planted his vineyard, he can't serve in the military for six years.

Exemption for the Betrothed Man

The third exemption is for a man betrothed but not yet married. Deuteronomy 24:5 adds that a newly married man is free from military service for one year.

Now, God says, here's a man that's engaged. And I want you to know that a betrothal in the Bible was more than an engagement. In reality, it was. If you were betrothed in the Bible, you were really considered married, although you had not begun living together. I mean, it was that serious. So God says, here's a man. He's betrothed himself to a wife, but he has not lived with her. Now God says that man is exempted from military service.

Exemption for the Fearful and Fainthearted

The fourth exemption is for those who are fearful, lest their fear discourage their brethren. This principle is illustrated in Gideon's army in Judges 7.

Now, watch if you would very quickly. The fourth exemption in Deuteronomy, Chapter 20, he says in verse eight.

Scripture Reading — Deuteronomy 20:5-8
"And the officers shall speak further unto the people, and they shall say, What man is there that is fearful and fainthearted? Let him go and return unto his house, lest his brethren's hearts faint, as well as his heart."

What is this exemption? This exemption is for anyone who is scared silly. They're just afraid. The word fainthearted means tender, easy, soft, or weak. I want you to look in your Bibles to the book of Judges, chapter 7, verses 2 and 3. Judges, chapter 7, verses 2 and 3. Judges, chapter 7, and look at verses 2 and 3.

Exemption for the Levites

Though not listed in Deuteronomy 20, the Levites were automatically exempt from military service, as seen in Numbers 1:48-49, though some volunteered.

Now, in this passage, he is mustering or taking the military census out of all the tribes. But notice, if you would, verses 48 and 49. "For the Lord had spoken unto Moses, saying, Only thou shalt not number the tribe of Levi, neither take the sum of them, according to the children of Israel." So the Levites, who were the pastors, who were the teachers, they were automatically exempt from military service.

Reasons for the Exemptions

The exemptions show that family has priority over warfare, that men must experience covenant blessings, and that battles must be fought in faith without fear.

As important and as necessary as defense is, I mean, we have to defend our country. We have to defend our nation. We have to defend our state. As important as defense is, here's what the Bible is teaching. The family has a priority over warfare. The family has a priority over warfare. Soldiers cannot be produced without solid, stable homes. Let me tell you something, folks. If there are no families, and if there is no family, in reality, there's really nothing to fight for. For without solid, stable families, you cannot have a home, you cannot have a church, you cannot have a state, you cannot have a nation. One of the problems that we have in America today is our families are in utter chaos and confusion. There's no solidity. There's no cohesion. There's nothing binding the families together.


Study Guide

Major Themes

Sovereignty of God over Life and Death

Summary: God has appointed the time and means of each person's death, including whether they die in battle. This truth enables believers to fight without fear.

Evidence: Weaver cites Job 7:1, Job 14:5, and Psalm 31:15 to show that our days are determined by God. He states, 'God has not only ordained the day that you're going to die, he has also ordained the means or the way that you're going to die.'

Priority of Family over Warfare

Summary: The exemptions in Deuteronomy 20 demonstrate that the family unit takes precedence over military service. Stable families are essential for producing soldiers and for having something worth defending.

Evidence: Weaver says, 'The family has a priority over warfare. Soldiers cannot be produced without solid, stable homes.' He points to the exemptions for new homeowners, vineyard planters, and the betrothed.

Covenant Blessings as Symbols of God's Favor

Summary: Home, wife, and vineyard are symbols of covenant blessing. Those who have not yet enjoyed these blessings are exempted from war so they may experience God's goodness.

Evidence: Weaver references Micah 4:4 and Deuteronomy 28:30, contrasting the blessing of sitting under one's vine with the curse of losing these blessings. He says, 'the home, the wife, and wine are all symbols of the covenantal blessing of God.'

Fighting in Faith, Not Fear

Summary: God's battles must be fought in faith. Fear is the opposite of faith, and fearful soldiers can discourage others. Therefore, the fearful are exempted.

Evidence: Weaver states, 'God's battles are always to be fought in faith. Fear is the opposite of faith.' He cites Judges 7:2-3 where God sends the fearful home.

Key Arguments

Righteous Men May Die in Battle

Summary: Although God generally protects His people in war, He does not always do so. Death in battle is sometimes the means God uses to bring about His appointed end.

Evidence: Weaver says, 'Even righteous men, fighting for a righteous cause, sometimes die in battle.' He gives examples like Uriah the Hittite and Stonewall Jackson.

The Exemptions Are Based on Incomplete Covenant Enjoyment

Summary: The first three exemptions are for men who have not yet experienced the full joys of covenant life—training a household, eating from a vineyard, or taking a wife.

Evidence: Weaver explains that 'dedicate' means to train or initiate, and that the vineyard exemption could last up to five years based on Leviticus 19:23-25.

Fear Undermines Military Effectiveness

Summary: Fearful soldiers are exempted because their fear can spread and discourage others, and because God's battles require faith.

Evidence: Weaver says, 'If I'm fighting for my life, I don't want someone quivering in the foxhole beside me... God said, you let the fearful and the faint hearted go. Lest they discourage the hearts of their brethren.'

God's Providence Enables Courage

Summary: Understanding that God has appointed the time of our death allows believers to fight with boldness, knowing they cannot die before God's time.

Evidence: Weaver tells stories of Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee remaining calm under fire, and says, 'A man is immortal until God is through with him.'

Scripture References

Deuteronomy 20:1-4

Context: Reviewed from previous sermon: wars are assumed, numerical odds and superior armaments are inconsequential for people of faith because God is with them.

Deuteronomy 20:5-8

Context: The main text for the sermon, listing military exemptions for those with a new house, new vineyard, betrothed, or fearful.

Exodus 30:11-16

Context: The atonement money given at the census was a ransom for the soul, implying that soldiers might die in battle.

Numbers 31

Context: Example of God protecting Israelite soldiers: 12,000 men defeated Midian without losing one soldier.

Job 7:1

Context: Used to show that man has an appointed time on earth, supporting the idea that God ordains the day of death.

Job 14:1-5

Context: Further support that man's days are determined and his bounds appointed by God.

Psalm 31:15

Context: David acknowledges that his times are in God's hand, reinforcing divine sovereignty over life and death.

Psalm 66:9

Context: God holds our soul in life and does not allow our feet to be moved, illustrating divine protection.

Isaiah 57:1

Context: The righteous are sometimes taken away to be spared from evil to come, explaining why godly men may die in battle.

1 Kings 8:63

Context: The same Hebrew word for 'dedicate' (hanak) is used for dedicating the temple, meaning to initiate or begin.

Proverbs 22:6

Context: 'Train up a child' uses the same Hebrew word hanak, meaning to dedicate or initiate.

Leviticus 19:23-25

Context: Explains that fruit from a new vineyard is not to be eaten until the fifth year, showing the long-term nature of the vineyard exemption.

Deuteronomy 24:5

Context: A newly married man is exempt from war and business for one year to cheer his wife.

Judges 7:2-3

Context: Gideon's army: God sent the fearful home, leaving only 10,000, illustrating the principle of exempting the fearful.

Numbers 1:48-49

Context: The tribe of Levi was not numbered for military service, showing an automatic exemption for the priestly tribe.

Micah 4:4

Context: Sitting under one's vine and fig tree is a symbol of covenant blessing and peace.

Deuteronomy 28:30

Context: The curse for disobedience includes losing the covenant blessings of wife, house, and vineyard.

Historical References

George Washington

Context: Weaver notes that Indians called Washington 'Him Who Cannot Be Killed in Battle' after he survived having horses shot from under him and bullet holes in his coat.

Stonewall Jackson

Context: Used as an example of a righteous man who died in battle (from pneumonia after a wound), contrasted with ungodly generals like Grant and Sherman who survived.

Ulysses S. Grant

Context: Mentioned as a drunkard who never freed his slaves, yet survived the war while Stonewall Jackson died.

William Tecumseh Sherman

Context: Mentioned as an ungodly general who survived the war.

Rushdoony's Biblical Institutes of Law

Context: Quoted to support the idea that warfare may require the execution of some or many people to overthrow an evil order.

Feast of Hanukkah

Context: Explained as a feast of dedication (new beginning) started in 165 B.C. after the temple was restored, illustrating the meaning of the Hebrew word hanak.

Robert E. Lee

Context: Story of Lee calmly drinking buttermilk while a bullet lodged in the wall beside him, demonstrating faith in God's providence.

Important Quotes

Even righteous men, fighting for a righteous cause, sometimes die in battle.

Significance: Establishes the central tension that God's protection does not guarantee immunity from death in war.

God has not only ordained the day that you're going to die, he has also ordained the means or the way that you're going to die.

Significance: Summarizes the doctrine of divine sovereignty over death, which undergirds the courage to fight.

The family has a priority over warfare. Soldiers cannot be produced without solid, stable homes.

Significance: Key application of the exemptions: family stability is foundational to national defense.

A man is immortal until God is through with him.

Significance: Pithy summary of the practical implication of God's sovereignty for soldiers.

God's battles are always to be fought in faith. Fear is the opposite of faith.

Significance: Explains the theological reason for exempting the fearful.

The home, the wife, and wine are all symbols of the covenantal blessing of God.

Significance: Connects the exemptions to the broader biblical theme of covenant blessings.

Discussion Questions

How does the truth that God has appointed the time and means of our death affect the way we think about risk and danger in daily life?

Context: Weaver taught that our days are determined by God, using Job 14:5 and Psalm 31:15.

In what ways does modern military practice undermine the biblical priority of family, and what could be done to align more closely with Deuteronomy 20?

Context: Weaver criticized the practice of separating married couples for long deployments.

What does it mean to 'dedicate' a house in the biblical sense, and how does that differ from common modern practices?

Context: Weaver explained that the Hebrew word hanak means to train or initiate, not just a brief ceremony.

Why does God exempt the fearful from battle, and how can we apply the principle of not allowing fear to discourage others in our own contexts?

Context: Weaver cited Judges 7 and the danger of fear spreading among soldiers.

How can we cultivate a genuine enjoyment of God's covenant blessings (home, family, provision) without making them idols?

Context: Weaver urged the congregation to enjoy these blessings while they can, especially before judgment comes.

Applications

Trust God's Sovereignty in Life and Death

Summary: Believers should live with confidence that God has appointed their days, freeing them from fear of untimely death and enabling boldness in dangerous callings.

Evidence: Weaver says, 'I can't die and I can't be killed until it's God's time for me.' He illustrates with stories of Washington, Jackson, and Lee.

Prioritize Family Stability

Summary: Families should be strengthened and protected, as they are the foundation of society and more important than military or economic demands.

Evidence: Weaver states, 'The family has a priority over warfare,' and criticizes military policies that separate husbands and wives.

Enjoy Covenant Blessings While Possible

Summary: Believers should consciously thank God for and enjoy the blessings of home, spouse, and provision, recognizing they may not always be available.

Evidence: Weaver says, 'You and I had better learn to enjoy the covenantal blessings of God while we can... because when the curse of God is full and final on this nation, we'll not have some of these things.'

Fight Spiritual Battles in Faith, Not Fear

Summary: Just as Israel was to fight physical battles in faith, Christians must engage spiritual warfare without fear, trusting God's promises and presence.

Evidence: Weaver says, 'God's battles are always to be fought in faith. Fear is the opposite of faith.'

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