The Black Robed Regiment

John Weaver | SermonAudio

Lecture MetadataDetails
SpeakerJohn Weaver
SourceSermonAudio
Media ID315070725
SubjectCivil Government
CourseCivil Government: Power, Nations, and Constitutional Order: Where We Are & How We Got Here
GenreSermon
Date2007-03-14
Dictation Name
BookBook 009: Civil Government: Power, Nations, and Constitutional Order — Chapter 6
Source Timed Segments86

Synopsis: John Weaver examines the role of pastors during the American Revolution, known as the Black Robed Regiment, who preached, fought, and led their congregations in the cause of liberty. He contrasts their courage and conviction with the state of modern preachers, calling for a return to bold, biblical leadership.


Formatted Transcript

Introduction and Hebrews 11

Weaver introduces Hebrews 11 as the hall of faith, noting that God uses men for His glory and calls believers to stand in faith.

I want you to open your Bibles, if you would please, tonight to Hebrews chapter 11, Hebrews chapter 11. And since this is kind of a historical theological conference, I want to do something again tonight along the line of history, but I hope that you're going to see how appropriate and how applicable it is today. If you look in Hebrews chapter 11, let's begin reading there verse 32. Hebrews 11 verse 32, the author of the book of Hebrews writes,

Scripture Reading — Hebrews 11:32-38
"And what shall I more say? For the time would fail me to tell of Gideon, and of Barak, and of Samson, and of Jephthah; David also, and Samuel, and of the prophets: who through faith subdued kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained promises, stopped the mouths of the lions, quenched the violence of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, out of weakness were made strong, waxed valiant in fight, turned to flight the armies of the aliens. Women received their dead raised to life again, and others were tortured, not accepting deliverance, that they might obtain a better resurrection. And others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings, yea, moreover of bonds and imprisonment. They were stoned, they were sawn asunder, were tempted, were slain with the sword.

They wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins, being destitute, afflicted, tormented; of whom the world was not worthy. They wandered in deserts and mountains and dens and in caves of the earth. Now I want you to note that we refer to Hebrews 11 as the hall of fame for the heroes of faith. But the truth is there are a lot of heroes of faith that are not mentioned in Hebrews chapter 11. There have also been a great number of heroes of faith that have appeared throughout history after the canon of scripture has been closed. We can read Hebrews 11 and rejoice in these men. But there are some things we need to really learn from reading Hebrews chapter 11.

The first one is this: God is pleased to use men. That's very obvious. Secondly, we need to learn this, that God is pleased to use these men, not for the glory of the men, but for the glory of God himself, and that we would praise him through these men and their exploits and their feats. And then, of course, I believe as we read Hebrews chapter 11, there is a call for each of us to be strong in our Lord and to stand and to quit ourselves like men, because these men always stood in faith.

The Black Robed Regiment Defined

The Black Robed Regiment refers to pastors during the American Revolution who wore black robes and were despised by the British for their influence.

I can tell a great change that has taken place in the ministry. We used to really and truly have pastors and preachers. Today, we have administrators and entertainers and successful program runners. I want to bring a message today which I have entitled, "The Black Robed Regiment." And I want to tell you tonight about the pastors during the American Revolution. The Black Robed Regiment was the name, really, that the British gave to those pastors during the American Revolution. So the Black Robe Regiment then refers to those pastors, those ministers who prayed for, who fought in, and who advanced the war for independence, sometimes called the American Revolution. You've got to remember back during those days, all of the pastors wore long, flowing black robes.

It was a symbol of their office. I've been threatening for years to preach a message on the stealing of the robes. And of course, I have mentioned this in one or two other messages, but you just stop and think how the robes have progressed. Of course, originally it was with the family, the patriarchal, and that's why Joseph got that multicolored robe, by the way. And I'm not going to get into what all that meant tonight, but then it went from the family to the church and then from the church to the colleges, the universities—notice graduation, the long flowing black robes—and then from the universities to the Supreme Court or to the judges. And there's been a stealing of the robes because the robes always spoke of the office of authority. Now, when you hear about the black robe regiments, you've got to remember it was these pastors who sparked the war for independence. These pastors were despised.

Pastors as Leaders in the Revolution

Pastors like Moses Allen sparked the war, taught against the divine right of kings, and fought alongside their congregations.

They were hated, they were eagerly sought after by the British, prices were placed upon their head, and when they were captured they were ill-treated and very readily and quickly murdered. One such was Pastor Moses Allen of Georgia. He was so cursed and so hated by the Tories, they said that he was more obnoxious than the military leaders of the Patriots, and hence they constantly uttered deadly threats against him. His enemies said that this rebel parson—that's what they called him—did more injury to the cause of the king than did a dozen military colonels. Therefore, when Savannah, Georgia fell, they made it a point to make sure that the church and the home of Pastor Moses Allen was burned to the ground. During this battle, he was captured and he was placed in a prison ship along with a lot of other patriots in Georgia at that particular time. Starvation stalked that ship as well as disease and a multitude of other ill treatments that was fostered upon those men by the Tories. And Pastor Allen did indeed continue to minister to those men until he found an opportunity to escape.

And when he saw his opportunity to escape, he jumped over the ship and began swimming to shore. Now, his escape was good. But because of the ill treatment and because of the basic starvation, he just did not have strength enough to make it to the shore and he drowned. And of course, when the other prisoners saw it, they begin to clamor and say, "Look, this was a pastor. This was a man of God and he needs to be buried." And so the British soldiers, to show their contempt, said, "You want him buried? We'll bury him." So they took a little boat, rowed out to where he was, picked him up, carried him to the shore, stomped him in the mud, and left his arms and head sticking out for the buzzards to eat. So here was a man that was so hated and so despised just simply because he was a pastor and stood for independence and freedom.

It was pastors like Moses Allen that nursed the flame of piety and the love for civil liberty. These men prayed, they preached, and they fought for liberty. Many of these pastors went into the army as chaplains. Others, of course, stirred the people at home with patriotic sermons and swelled the rank of the colonial army. And others just simply showered the enemy with sermons and tracts and pamphlets, while some joined in thought along with their fellow patriots with temple arms. So it was these pastors then that taught their people to reject with utmost abhorrence what is known then as the divine right of kings. They taught their people to resist the teaching of passive obedience and non-resistance.

And they inculcated these doctrines into their hearers so that the people understood and identified with them. And basically, the people were at one with them. And therefore, it was pastor and congregation who stood for freedom and liberty. And they taught and they preached and told the people that civil government was ordained by God to be a ministry of justice and to establish God's law and to carry out his orderly way. If you will study the pastors in the American Revolution, you will find them huddled at Valley Forge. You will find them facing the storm and the wintering blast on Trenton. You will find them covered with the smoke at the conflict of Bennington. You'll find them standing under the enemy's fire at Yorktown. At Lexington, three pastors fought along with the men there. Thaxter of Westford was one, and also Pastor Foster. You will find pastors, as you study history, attached to every expedition, no matter how hazardous and no matter how exhausting. It was the pastors during the American Revolution that were the leaders and the shakers and the movers in that war. These men led the people in preaching, praying, and fighting. Now let me give you one illustration.

Gad Hitchcock's Bold Sermon

Gad Hitchcock preached against wicked rulers directly to General Gage, declaring that the people mourn because the wicked bear rule.

One election sermon that was preached by Gad Hitchcock from Proverbs 29 and verse 2 took place on May the 25th, 1774. Let me just read to you Proverbs 29 and verse 2. Here the Word of God says this:

Scripture Reading — Proverbs 29:2
"When the righteous are in authority, the people rejoice: but when the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn."

Now listen. When the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn. Well, Gad Hitchcock was a pastor and he had been asked to preach this election sermon because the governor had now been elected. And so he consented well in advance to preach this election sermon. And when he got there, guess what? He found that the new governor was not the governor that he had thought, but the new governor happened to be General Gage himself, sent over by King George III to put down the rebellion. And there sat General Gage, now the appointed governor, with his soldiers. Gad Hitchcock preached. And here is just one excerpt of his sermon. Listen to what he said. Now, remember, he's facing General Gage. General Gage, the new governor, is backed up with his soldiers.

And Gad Hitchcock preaches and says this: "If I am mistaken in supposing plans are formed and executing, subversive of our natural and chartered rights and privileges, and incompatible with every idea of liberty, all America is mistaken with me. Our continued complaints, our repeated humble but fruitless, unregarded petitions and remonstrances, and if I may be allowed a sacred illusion, our groanings, which cannot be uttered, are at once indications of our sufferings and the feelings since we have of them." Then he says this. "Let the governor in his chair of state hear it. We not only mourn, but with groanings that cannot be uttered, and all because the wicked bear rule. The castle cannot shelter him from the scorching thunderbolt. Families are divided, brother is arrayed against brother, friend against friend, society is cut loose from her moorings, and hate and consternation reign on every side, and all because the wicked bear rule. King George may say that the evils that produce this state of things are imaginary, but I tell you," says Gad Hitchcock, "and I'll tell the tyrant to his face, it's because the wicked bear rule." Wow!

Can you imagine having a pastor like that? Facing General Gage with all of his soldiers, he said, "And I'll tell the tyrant to his face. Here's the problem. It's because the wicked bear rule."

Influence and Persecution of Pastors

Pastors were hated by the British; Governor of Massachusetts refused a day of fasting to prevent sedition from the pulpit.

Now, they called it, of course, the rebellion. They said, "Here all these pastors are on the side of rebellion." Well, in 1774, the same British governor of Massachusetts refused the request of the Massachusetts General Assembly to appoint a day of fasting. Now, this is 1774. And all the Massachusetts General Assembly wanted was a day of fasting, and the governor refused. Here's what he said, that he was refusing the request because the request was only to give an opportunity for sedition to flow from the pulpit.

Now, I want you to note what the tyrant says. The tyrant says that truth and liberty is sedition. And he is calling a refusal to submit to slavery and tyranny rebellion. Learn one thing tonight. If you don't learn anything else, learn this tonight. Do you realize, and it doesn't matter the government, but official governmental proclamations, official governmental sanctions and indictments do not change truth, righteousness and justice. They may deny it, they may denounce it, they may denigrate it, but they cannot destroy it. Truth is still truth and righteousness is still righteousness. Dr. Timothy Dwight, who is an author, theologian, chaplain, and president of Yale University, and also son-in-law to Jonathan Edwards, I might add, he urged that a Declaration of Independence from England be publicly stated long before it was done. Here's what Dr. Dwight said. He said, "I urged in conversation with several gentlemen of great respectability, firm Whigs, and my intimate friends, the importance and even the necessity of a Declaration of Independence on the part of the colonies.

Key Figures: Mayhew, Dwight, and Others

Jonathan Mayhew originated the idea of a more perfect union; Timothy Dwight urged a Declaration of Independence.

For myself, I regarded the die is cast and the hope of reconciliation vanished and believed that the colonists would never be able to defend themselves unless they renounced their dependence upon Great Britain." Now, here's the pastor. Here's an author. Here's the theologian. Here's the president of Yale University saying we need a Declaration of Independence. Some of you have heard of Dr. Jonathan Mayhew. I'll tell you right now that Dr. Mayhew is the originator of the Confederation or a more perfect union. Robert Treat Paine called Dr. Mayhew the father of civil and religious freedom in Massachusetts and in America. John Adams called Dr. Mayhew the morning gun of the revolution. On August 25, 1765, Dr. Mayhew preached a sermon against the Stamp Act from Galatians 5, verses 12 and 13. His sermon was full of divine truth, and Dr. Mayhew was very well loved by the people. But George Bancroft, and if you can ever find his, I believe it's a five-volume set, maybe six-volume set on the history of America, you need to buy it.

But Dr. Bancroft said this concerning Dr. Mayhew. He said, "Whoever repeats the story of the revolution will rehearse the fame of Jonathan Mayhew. He spent whole nights in prayer for the dangers of his country. Light dawned on his mind on Sunday morning, July 1766, in which he wrote to Otis saying, 'You have heard of the communion of the churches. While I was thinking of this in my bed, the great use and importance of the communion of the colonies appeared to me in striking light.'

"Would it not be decorous in our assembly to send circulars to all the rest expressing a desire to cement a union among ourselves? A good foundation has been laid by the Congress of New York. It may be the only means of perpetuating our liberty." This suggestion of a more perfect union for the common defense originated with Jonathan Mayhew on Sunday morning as he lay in bed praying and thinking about the communion of the churches. By the way, July 1766 was the forerunner of the Articles of Confederation, which then came on down to the Constitution in 1787. You see, it was pastors who were the leaders and the shakers in the movement for liberty and freedom and independence.

Stories of Courageous Pastors

Numerous pastors, including John Woodhull, David Ely, and Joseph Fish, demonstrated extraordinary courage and sacrifice.

Now, I want to give you very quickly a number of little short pictures and tell you about just some of the pastors. Pastor John Woodhull, of the Freehold Presbyterian Church of New Jersey, was a man who was singular in his devotion to truth and fighting for liberty and freedom. He was one of the most active patriots in his day. And he taught his church the duties of civil government based upon the Bible and their responsibility to civil government. And on one occasion, when fighting had to be done, every single man in his church followed Dr. Woodhull out to battle except one feeble old man who only had enough strength to bid him Godspeed. And the entire congregation followed their pastor out to fight the British. There was Dr. David Ely of Huntington, Connecticut, and although he was surrounded by Tories who preached liberty and freedom so, so fiercely and so defiantly and so courageously, the Tories around there said that when the rebellion was put down, they would hang him from the oak tree nearest his church.

Oh, they hated him. Joseph Fish of Duxbury, Massachusetts, when he was 76 years of age, was invited by General Washington to address a number of men and to encourage them to join the colonial army. And after he gave a stirring sermon, the 76-year-old man concluded it like this. He said, "Were it not that my nerves are unstrung, and my limbs enfeebled with age, on such a call as you have, I think I should willingly quit the desk, put off my priestly garments, buckle on the harness, and with trumpet in hand, hasten to battle." Seventy-six years of age, and he's wanting to go out and fight. Jonah Stearns of New Hampshire not only preached independence, but he sacrificed most of his worldly wealth to sustain it. When he was coming home from a meeting in Exeter, he told his sons, he says, "Boys, if this call succeeds, it will be a great blessing to our country. But if it should fail, your father's head will soon be a button for a halter." And then he bid those boys to fight for independence and sent them off to join the army.

John Mills of Delaware, although he was kind of a nervous and timid man, he was certainly not lacking in courage. He preached from 1 Kings chapter 12 and verse 16, where the ten northern tribes, you remember, separated from Judah because of Rehoboam's taxation. And he took that text,

Scripture Reading — 1 Kings 12:16
"What portion have we in David?"

to

Scripture Reading — 1 Kings 12:16
"To your tents, O Israel!"

And he was saying, "What portion do we have in Great Britain? Separate from them. Let's leave. Let's get out of there because of the corruption and the wickedness in the King of England." And certainly he did so very successfully. It was David Caldwell, another pastor of Pennsylvania, who had his house burned to the ground, his library burned to the ground, all of his furniture, all of his belongings burned to the ground, and then he was hunted like a felon all over the land just simply because he preached liberty and freedom.

It was Dr. Thomas Reed of the same state in 1776 who shouldered his musket and with 40 or 50 others marched to help fight the British. It was also this same Dr. Reed who helped save General George Washington at Elk Ferry because he knew the countryside and he led them, therefore, to victory through and through his knowledge of the countryside. It was David Robert Davidson of Maryland who addressed the colonies and the people and the assembled troops there from 1 Chronicles 5 and verse 22, "For there fell down many slain, because the war was of God," and he was encouraging the men to fight against the British.

There was Pastor William Graham of Paxton near Harrisonburg. And when he saw the backwardness of his young men to join the militia, he stepped up and enrolled his own name and shamed them into joining as well. There was John Steele, another pastor of Cumberland, Pennsylvania, who not only served as a captain in the army, he led 900 men and he always preached with his gun by his side. Oh, I could tell you story after story concerning that, but John Steele was quite a man. Pastor Ezell Rowe was head of the militia in his little area. And the militia was kind of backward because they were untrained and they didn't really want to fight. You know what Pastor Rowe did?

He stood out and exposed himself to the enemy's fire. I mean, balls were whistling all around him. His men were begging him to step down. He said, "No, I will not step down until you promise me that if I fight, you will fight." And they finally promised him that they would fight, and so then he stepped down and led them in the fight. Azel Rowe. Charles McKnight of Shrewsbury, on account of his devotion to liberty, and the gallant work of his sons on the battlefield, this man was not only hunted down, but thrown into prison and brutally beaten and treated like a savage. And here he was, a pastor. You can go on and on and you will find these men lost everything. Dr. Samuel McClintock, he had four sons that he sent into the army. Only one returned home. Dr. Hezekiah Ripley had his home, had his church, had his library burned. He lost everything. John Martin, another pastor, after praying with the soldiers at Bunker Hill, seized a rifle and fought gallantly to the close of battle that day.

And then he preached to them from Nehemiah chapter 4 and verse 14, where he said,

Scripture Reading — Nehemiah 4:14
"And I said to the nobles, and to the rulers, and to the rest of the people, Be not afraid of them."

And then there was Pastor Nathaniel Bartlett of Reading, who was also chaplain to General Putnam, and he always made his parochial visits with his musket on his shoulder because the Tories had threatened to murder him and hang him as quickly as they found him. Now, I could go on and on, but let me tell you, there was a few pastors who were reticent. One of those men was a man by the name of Payson of Chelsea. In fact, Dr. Headley, in his book on chaplains in the American Revolution, writes this concerning Pastor Payson. He says, "There too was the amiable and learned Payson of Chelsea. He was so adverse to bloodshed and all the horrors of war that he had felt it his duty to preach patience and even submission. His bolder and more resolute brethren took umbrage at this and they refused to let him preach in their pulpits.

Thomas Allen at the Battle of White Plains

Thomas Allen preached a fiery sermon to soldiers, fought in battle, and ministered to the wounded afterward.

Now, tonight, I could sit here and tell you story after story, but I'm not going to do that. I've chosen about five men that I want to develop and let you know what happened in their lives, and give you a taste of what it used to be like to sit under a real preacher and a real pastor. The first one I'm going to tell you about is Thomas Allen. You remember I began telling you about Moses Allen, the pastor who was stomped down in the mud by the British? Well, Thomas Allen happened to be his brother. When the British soldiers converged upon and covered the hills at the Battle of White Plains, the colonists there were outnumbered, and I might add, they were outgunned. But Pastor Allen was there, and he knew that they were facing great odds, and he wanted to encourage all of the colonial soldiers to fight.

And so he preached the sermon, and I want you to listen to just several paragraphs of this sermon. Here's the preaching of a pastor during the war for independence. He says, "Valiant soldiers, yonder," pointing to the British that lay in sight, "yonder are the enemies of your country who have come to lay waste and destroy and spread havoc and devastation through this pleasant land. They are enemies hired to do the work of death." And when I say enemies, remember King George III hired the Hessians, the Germans, to come over. So he says, "They are enemies hired to do the work of death and have no motive to animate them in their undertaking. You have every consideration to induce you to play the man and the active part of the valiant soldiers. Your country looks up to you for its defense.

You are contending for your wives, whether you or they shall enjoy them. You are fighting for your children, whether they shall be yours or theirs, your homes and lands, for your flocks and herds, for your freedom and for future generations. For everything that is great and noble, on account of which only life itself is worth a fig. You must, you will abide the day of trial. You cannot give back while animated by these considerations. Suffer me on this occasion to recommend to you without delay to break off your sins by righteousness and your iniquity by turning unto the Lord. Turn ye, turn you, you ungodly sinners, for why would you die? Repent, lest the Lord come and smite you with a curse. Our camp is filled with blasphemers and resounds with the language of the infernal regions. Oh, that officers and men might fear to take the holy and tremendous name of God in vain. Oh, that you would now return to the Lord, lest destruction come upon you, lest vengeance overtake you. Oh, that you were wise and that you would understand your latter end. I recommend to you the strictest attention to your duty and the most punctual obedience to your officers.

Discipline, order, and regularity are the strength of an army. Valiant soldiers, should our enemy attack us, I exhort you and conjure you to play the man. Let no danger appear too great. Let no suffering appear too severe for you to encounter for your bleeding country. God's grace assisting me, I am determined to fight and to die by your side rather than flee before our enemies or resign myself to them. Prefer death to captivity. Ever remember your unhappy brethren, made prisoners at Fort Washington, whose blood now cried to heaven for vengeance and shakes the pillars of the world, saying, 'How long, O Lord, holy and true, dost thou not charge our blood on them that dwell on the earth?' Rather than quit this ground with infamy and disgrace, I should prefer leaving this body of mine, a corpse on the spot. I must finally recommend it to you and urge on you again and again, in time of action, to keep silence.

Let all be hushed and calm, serene and tranquil, and that the word of command may be distinctly heard and resolutely obeyed. And may the God of heaven take us all under his protection and cover our heads in the day of battle and grant us his salvation." Wow. Did you hear what this pastor said? Listen to this: "God's grace assisting me, I am determined to fight and die by your side rather than flee from our enemies, or resign myself to them." And then he says this, "Rather than quit this ground with infamy and disgrace, I should prefer leaving this body of mine, a corpse, on the spot." Rather than run, I'll die.

Now let me tell you what happened. Thomas Allen, of course, was not in charge of the military. The military leaders knew that they were outnumbered, knew that they were outgunned, and they decided the safest and the wisest course of action would be to retreat. And they did, without a battle, without a fight. And Pastor Thomas Allen took his men, the Berkshire militia, and went home. A little bit later, he received word from General Stark to bring his men because they were going to be a battle. It was the 16th of August. He and his men left a little before daylight and before they got there, there was thunder and lightning and rain was just literally pouring down. This brave pastor wanted to make dead sure that what happened this time was not like what happened the previous time. And so he decided that he was going to face General Stark immediately. And although it was pouring down rain, it was late at night when they got there, he went immediately to General Stark's tent. And when he went in, he said, I'm quoting, "General Stark, the Berkshire militia have often been summoned to the field without being allowed to fight. Now, if you don't give us a chance to fight this time, we'll never turn out again."

Stark, who was a hero himself and loved to hear the true metal of courage, was not offended. He was rather amused at the young pastor, and he looked at him and smiled and said, "Do you wish to march right now while it's dark and rainy?" And Pastor Allen said, "No, not at this moment." "Well," said General Stark, "if the Lord gives us sunshine tomorrow, I promise you, I will give you your share of fighting or I'll never call you out again." And so the next morning when the sun came up and it was bright and beautiful, Pastor Allen and the Berkshire militia began to form in line. One of his men said, "Pastor Allen, we'll have to do our own fighting today." "Yes," said Pastor Allen, "we'll have a good time with the enemy, but we're not quite ready just yet." And so he called all these men around and then he led them in prayer. He prayed that God would give them the victory. Pastor Allen had no intention of just simply doing the praying and let his men doing the fighting.

He determined he was going to fight himself. And if his example could encourage his men, they were certainly going to be encouraged by it, because there would be no cowards that day in the Berkshire militia. When the Hessians approached and came in sight, Pastor Thomas Allen, in his long flowing black robe, walked out in front of his men, in front of the line, stood on a stump, and with a loud, clear voice, he called out to these Hessians to surrender and to save this infusion of blood. And he promised them generous treatment if they would just simply surrender. And about that time, bullets started whizzing by Pastor Allen. In fact, one went through his hat. And of course, he went back then with his men and the battle was on. And he fought with those men that day all day long. He noticed one brother who was not shooting too well and Pastor Allen realized he was a much better shot. So he looked at his brother and he said, "Joe, you load and I'll fire." And so he fought that day with his men. And when the battle came to an end, it was Pastor Allen who was first over the hill, leading the Berkshire militia, and the victory was theirs. While many other men were out trying to rummage around and pick up whatever they could pick up, Pastor Allen caught a mule who had veneers of wine and some medical equipment on him, and he then began to go to the weak and the wounded and minister to them. Not only his own men, but the enemy as well. And, of course, after he had ministered to everyone that he could minister to and the battle was over, he took his men and he went back home because he had to preach then on Sunday.

Well, his church heard about the battle and they heard that he fought in that battle. So one of his parishioners came up to him and said, "Pastor, is it true that you fought in the battle like a common soldier?" "Yes," said Pastor Allen, "I did. It was a very hot and close battle, and it became every patriot to do his duty." "Well," said the parishioner, "Pastor, did you kill anybody?" "Well," said Pastor Allen, "I don't know that I killed anybody, but I happen to notice a frequent flash from behind a certain bush, and every time I saw that flash, one of our men failed. I took aim at that bush and fired. I don't know that I killed anybody, but I put out that flash." Do you realize those men like this that gave us our independence, and by the way, Pastor Allen lived until 1810 when he died of natural causes at the age of 68. Have you ever heard the name of Naphtali Daggett? Naphtali Daggett was a pastor and president of Yale College, West Haven, Connecticut.

Naphtali Daggett's Stand

President of Yale, Naphtali Daggett, single-handedly fired on British troops to delay their advance, was captured and beaten.

He instructed his students on the biblical doctrine of civil government. He showed them why God ordained government, what was the purpose of government. He taught them everything. In 1779, General Tryon, British general, landed five miles from West Haven with 2,500 soldiers. The little college and the little town was hurriedly broken up and there was 100 young clergymen chosen to face the British and fight a delaying action while the rest of the students in the town escaped. Well, confusion kind of reigned in the streets for a while because people were running hither and yon and horses going every which way. And finally, everything got in order and the young men with their fife and drum marched off to face twenty-five hundred British soldiers. And there were only a hundred of them. They had not gotten far down the road until they heard the hoofbeats of a horse. And they looked behind them and here came old Dr. Daggett in his long flowing black robe on that horse.

And they saw him coming and they began cheering. And he had in his arm a long fowling piece, one of those old muskets. And he rode right through them. Didn't stop. Rode right through them. They parted and they cheered him as he went by. And he was heading straight for the British soldiers. Well, Dr. Daggett got in front of them and he found a hill and some cover up on that hill, and he rode his old mare up there, tied the mare, and got down and began to survey the situation. He looked down, he saw the 100 young men meet the advance of the British army, and those 100 young men whipped the living daylights out of that advance. In fact, they defeated them so quickly and chased them so far that before they realized it, they were face to face with the rest of the twenty-five hundred British soldiers and they knew they had to get out of there or they were going to be consumed. And so those young divinity students turned and began to flee.

And of course, they happened to look up on that hill and see the reflection of that old fowling piece. And all of a sudden there came the retort of that long musket and the British kind of, you know, ignored it until all of a sudden a soldier would fall. A few minutes later, another British soldier would fall. And finally, it could not be ignored anymore. And so General Tryon said to some of his men, "Go up on top of that hill and stop whoever's up there shooting our men." And when they got up to the top of the hill, here was old Dr. Daggett. He could have run.

I mean, his mare was right there. He saw them coming, but there he was reloading his old fowling piece so he could get another shot. So when the British soldier got up there and he sees this old man in these long flowing black robes, he knows he's a preacher. And he gets rather amused rather than angry. And he says, "What are you doing there, you old fool, firing on His Majesty's troops?" Dr. Daggett never even looked up, he just kept reloading, he said, "Exercising the right of war, young man, exercising the right of war." "Well," said the soldier, "if I let you go this time, you old rascal, will you ever fire on His Majesty's troops again?" "Oh," Dr. Daggett replied, "nothing more likely, son, nothing more likely." And so he was forced to take the old man a prisoner. And then they put Dr. Daggett in front of the British soldiers and force marched him back to West Haven. And of course, the old man was beaten and ill treated.

And although he recovered, he died 16 months later after the incident because of the beating and the wounds that he sustained. But here was Dr. Daggett. Can you imagine a man who was willing to face 2,500 soldiers alone? And when he had opportunity to leave, he would not leave. Has anybody ever heard of John Witherspoon? John Witherspoon was a Presbyterian pastor. He was a patriot. He was a congressman.

John Witherspoon and the Declaration

John Witherspoon, a pastor and congressman, boldly supported the Declaration of Independence, saying he would rather be executed than desert his country.

He was president of Princeton University. Did you know it was John Witherspoon, a pastor, and Roger Sherman who were the two men responsible for the hard money clause in the Constitution, when the Constitution says no state shall make anything but silver and gold is legal tender and that Congress shall have the power to coin money and regulate the value thereof? It was John Witherspoon and Roger Sherman who were responsible for that hard money clause being put in the Constitution. John Witherspoon, as a congressman, was there when the Declaration of Independence was being discussed and debated.

There were some timid congressmen there. But after the discussion, John Witherspoon stood up. And he addressed the president of the Congress, and he said this, "Mr. President, that noble instrument on your table, which ensures immortality to its author, should be subscribed this very morning by every pen in the house. He who will not respond to its accents and strain every nerve to carry into effect its provisions is unworthy of the name Freeman. Although these gray hairs must descend into the grave, I would infinitely rather they should descend thither by the hand of the executioner than desert this Christ as the sacred cause of my country." And then he sat down. Listen to what John Witherspoon said now. "Although these gray hairs must descend into the grave, I would infinitely rather they descend thither by the hand of the executioner than desert my country in this time of crisis." What was he saying? I'd rather be executed as a criminal, as being a traitor against George III, than I had desert my country at this time. One timid congressman rose up and said very meekly that he did not think the country was ripe for such a declaration of independence. Pastor John Witherspoon stood up and said, "In my judgment, sir, we're not only ripe, we're rotten." And the Declaration of Independence was signed. Why? Because there's a pastor there who stood up and said, "I'd rather be executed as a traitor than desert my country in this time of crisis."

Jonas Clark and the Battle of Lexington

Pastor Jonas Clark trained his men, who fought and died on the church green at Lexington, marking the start of the war.

My wife and I have been there. Some of you have been there. But you know what most people do not know? That battle took place on the Church House Green. The pastor was Jonas Clark. Jonas Clark had taught and trained his people. Samuel Adams and John Hancock had oftentimes found asylum in the home of Jonas Clark. Jonas Clark was such a scholar and such a pastor and such a teacher that his people, to a man, agreed with him and received his teaching.

And his teaching was so clear, those teachings even today are embodied in instructions to their delegate to the provincial legislature as an expression of their determination and their wishes. And they remain today engrossed in the town records as a standing memorial, not just to the men, but to Jonas Clark as well. It was between the hours of twelve and one in the morning that Warren received intelligence that the British were coming. And they were coming after the stores at Lexington. So Adams and Hancock and Pastor Jonas Clark held a quick conference. The church bells pealed. And 150 men came out.

And answered roll call name by name. Here stood the pastor, here stood 150 of his men. Under the stars. Around 2 o'clock in the morning. Adams and Hancock had one question. And they asked Pastor Clark this question. "Will the men fight?" Pastor Clark said, "Will they fight? It is for this hour that I taught them and I trained them." You've got to remember, these men were farmers, mechanics.

They were not professional soldiers. But Pastor Clark knew that they would fight. They had their weapons and they were standing on the green. When the British soldiers came up and began to bark out their orders, "Throw down your weapons, surrender, throw down your arms and disperse, throw them down now." Pastor Clark knew when he heard those words what was going to happen. All of a sudden, a shot rang out. And then a volley of shots rang out. The smoke was so thick. You could not see what was happening. Until just a few minutes later, when the smoke disappeared. When Pastor Clark looked out on the church house green, there lay seven of his stalwart men stretched stiff in death. Many more were wounded. One of those killed was Jonas Parker, the strongest man and the best wrestler in the county. He had said that morning that he will die on the spot before he runs, that he would not flee. And there he lay.

Not only shot, but bayoneted as well. There too lay old Caleb Morgan, his gray hairs daubed in blood. And there lay Caleb Harrington, fallen dead on the church house steps. Do you know why he was on the church house steps? Because he was running into the church building to get more powder for the men. They kept the powder and the ammunition in the church building. Pastor Clark gazed long and hard on these men. He wept.

But although there were tears of sympathy, there were no tears of regret. Those lifeless forms of his men that lay on that ground had given themselves, he knew, upon the altar of their country. And Pastor Jonas Clark said this, that he had no misgivings for what he had taught his people and how he trained them. He said, "For from this day, will be dated the liberty of the world." The shot heard around the world began in a churchyard at the teaching and the training of a pastor. Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg. He was the pastor of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Dunmore County, Virginia. He preached that Sunday morning and then told his people

Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg's Call to Arms

Muhlenberg removed his robe to reveal a military uniform, recruited 300 men, and led them to fight at Yorktown.

Scripture Reading — Ecclesiastes 3
that he was going to preach a special sermon that afternoon at 3 p.m. on the duty that men owed their God and their country. At 3 p.m., the church house was packed. Men and women were standing around outside. He opened his Bible to the book of Ecclesiastes chapter three. And he read from the text, "There's a time to war, a time of peace. Time to live and time to die." When he got through reading the text, he closed his Bible. And preached one of the firest sermons that any of us probably have ever heard in our lives. When Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg finished preaching, he reached up and he grabbed that long flowing black robe and jerked it off. And there he stood in full military uniform. He pointed to a young boy whom he had already prepared and asked him to begin drumming for recruits. That afternoon, 300 men volunteered. It was Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg, their pastor, who led them to help George Washington defeat Cornwallis at Yorktown.

In defending his course of action for leaving the pulpit and joining the army, here's what he said. "I am a clergyman, it is true. But I'm also a member of society, as well as the poorest layman, and my liberty is as dear to me as any man. Shall I sit still and enjoy myself at home while the best blood in the continent is spilling? Heaven forbid it. Do you think if America should be conquered, that I should be safe? Far from it. And would you not rather fight like a man than die like a dog? The cause is just and noble. Were I a bishop, even a Lutheran one, I should obey without hesitation. And so far from thinking that I am wrong, I am convinced it is my duty to do so, a duty I owe to my God and my country."


Study Guide

Major Themes

Courageous Pastoral Leadership

Summary: Pastors during the American Revolution demonstrated boldness, preaching truth to power and leading their congregations in battle.

Evidence: Weaver recounts multiple pastors who faced British generals, fought alongside their men, and refused to back down.

The Influence of the Pulpit

Summary: The British recognized the power of pastors to shape public opinion and sought to suppress their seditious preaching.

Evidence: The British governor refused a day of fasting to prevent sedition from the pulpit, and pastors were hunted and killed.

Sacrifice for Liberty

Summary: Many pastors lost their homes, churches, and lives, and some fought and died for the cause of independence.

Evidence: Moses Allen was drowned and his body desecrated; David Caldwell's home and library were burned; Naphtali Daggett was beaten and died from his wounds.

Biblical Foundation for Civil Government

Summary: Pastors taught that government is ordained by God for justice and that resistance to tyranny is a duty.

Evidence: Weaver notes that pastors taught against the divine right of kings and passive obedience, and preached from texts like Proverbs 29:2.

The Decline of Modern Preaching

Summary: Weaver contrasts the boldness of revolutionary-era pastors with the timidity and compromise of many modern preachers.

Evidence: He describes modern preachers as 'sweet, sickly, effeminate, sentimental, emotional' and afraid to speak truth.

The Necessity of Standing for Truth

Summary: Believers and especially preachers must stand for biblical truth regardless of personal cost or societal pressure.

Evidence: Weaver calls for preachers who will stand even if they lose their building, congregation, or reputation.

Key Arguments

Pastors were the driving force behind the American Revolution

Summary: The Black Robed Regiment of pastors preached, fought, and led the colonies to independence, and the British rightly feared their influence.

Evidence: Weaver states, 'It was these pastors then that taught their people to reject with utmost abhorrence what is known then as the divine right of kings.'

Courageous preaching confronts tyranny directly

Summary: Pastors like Gad Hitchcock and John Witherspoon spoke truth to power, even when facing military governors or timid congressmen.

Evidence: Hitchcock told General Gage, 'I'll tell the tyrant to his face, it's because the wicked bear rule.'

True pastoral leadership involves personal sacrifice and risk

Summary: Many pastors lost everything, were imprisoned, beaten, or killed, yet they continued to fight and minister.

Evidence: Moses Allen was stomped into the mud; Naphtali Daggett was beaten and died from his wounds; Thomas Allen fought in battle.

The church must teach and train people to stand for liberty

Summary: Jonas Clark trained his congregation so well that they were ready to fight and die at Lexington.

Evidence: Clark said, 'Will they fight? It is for this hour that I taught them and I trained them.'

Modern preachers lack the courage and conviction of their forebears

Summary: Today's pastors are often administrators and entertainers, afraid to preach truth because of financial pressures and desire for approval.

Evidence: Weaver says, 'We today have sired a generation of sweet, sickly, effeminate, sentimental, emotional preachers.'

The recovery of the nation depends on the recovery of the pulpit

Summary: America will not be restored until preachers return to bold, biblical proclamation without fear of consequences.

Evidence: Weaver states, 'We will not get our country back, folks, until we get our preachers back.'

Scripture References

Hebrews 11:32-38

Context: Weaver reads this passage as the introduction, describing the heroes of faith who subdued kingdoms and endured persecution.

Proverbs 29:2

Context: Gad Hitchcock preached an election sermon from this text, declaring that when the wicked bear rule, the people mourn.

Galatians 5:12-13

Context: Dr. Jonathan Mayhew preached against the Stamp Act from this passage.

1 Kings 12:16

Context: John Mills preached from this text about the separation of the northern tribes from Judah, applying it to separation from Great Britain.

1 Chronicles 5:22

Context: David Robert Davidson encouraged troops with this verse, 'For there fell down many slain, because the war was of God.'

Nehemiah 4:14

Context: John Martin preached from this verse after fighting at Bunker Hill, telling the people not to be afraid.

Ecclesiastes 3

Context: Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg read from this chapter, 'There's a time to war, a time of peace,' before revealing his military uniform.

1 Samuel 16

Context: Weaver references the elders of Bethlehem asking Samuel, 'Comest thou peaceably?' to illustrate the authority of a man of God.

1 Samuel 15

Context: Weaver mentions Samuel hewing Agag in pieces to show that a prophet could be a man of war.

Historical References

Moses Allen

Context: A pastor in Georgia who was hated by the Tories, captured, and drowned while trying to escape; his body was desecrated by British soldiers.

Gad Hitchcock

Context: Pastor who preached an election sermon in 1774 directly criticizing General Gage and King George III.

Jonathan Mayhew

Context: Pastor called the 'morning gun of the revolution' by John Adams; originated the idea of a more perfect union of the colonies.

Timothy Dwight

Context: President of Yale, son-in-law of Jonathan Edwards, urged a Declaration of Independence before it was officially made.

Thomas Allen

Context: Brother of Moses Allen; preached to soldiers at White Plains, fought at the Battle of Bennington, and ministered to the wounded.

Naphtali Daggett

Context: Pastor and president of Yale who single-handedly fired on British troops to delay their advance; captured, beaten, and died from his wounds.

John Witherspoon

Context: Presbyterian pastor, congressman, and president of Princeton; signed the Declaration of Independence and helped include the hard money clause in the Constitution.

Jonas Clark

Context: Pastor at Lexington whose congregation fought the British on the church green; he had trained them for that moment.

Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg

Context: Pastor who removed his robe to reveal a military uniform, recruited 300 men, and led them to fight at Yorktown.

General Gage

Context: British general and appointed governor of Massachusetts, present at Gad Hitchcock's sermon.

Important Quotes

God's grace assisting me, I am determined to fight and to die by your side rather than flee before our enemies or resign myself to them.

Significance: Thomas Allen's declaration of courage and commitment to his men, exemplifying the pastor's willingness to sacrifice.

Although these gray hairs must descend into the grave, I would infinitely rather they should descend thither by the hand of the executioner than desert this Christ as the sacred cause of my country.

Significance: John Witherspoon's bold statement in support of the Declaration of Independence, showing his willingness to die for liberty.

Will they fight? It is for this hour that I taught them and I trained them.

Significance: Jonas Clark's confidence in his congregation's readiness to fight, demonstrating the fruit of his pastoral teaching.

I am a clergyman, it is true. But I'm also a member of society, as well as the poorest layman, and my liberty is as dear to me as any man.

Significance: Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg's defense of his decision to fight, asserting that his duty to God and country required action.

We will not get our country back, folks, until we get our preachers back.

Significance: Weaver's central thesis that national restoration depends on courageous, truth-telling pastors.

I'd rather have the whole world hate me and despise me and malign me and have God to smile upon me than to have the whole world smile upon me and God despise me.

Significance: Weaver's personal conviction about the priority of God's approval over human approval.

Discussion Questions

In what ways did the pastors of the American Revolution demonstrate courage, and how can modern pastors emulate that courage?

Context: Weaver contrasts the boldness of revolutionary-era pastors with the timidity of many today.

How does the biblical teaching on civil government, as preached by these pastors, apply to our current political situation?

Context: Pastors taught that government is ordained by God for justice and that tyranny should be resisted.

What does it mean for a pastor to 'train' his congregation for such a time as this, as Jonas Clark did?

Context: Clark's men were ready to fight because of his teaching and training.

Why do you think the British so feared the influence of the Black Robed Regiment?

Context: The British governor refused a day of fasting to prevent sedition from the pulpit.

How should a pastor balance his role as a spiritual leader with his duties as a citizen, as Muhlenberg articulated?

Context: Muhlenberg said he was a clergyman but also a member of society whose liberty was dear.

What are the dangers of a pastor being 'in debt up to his eyeballs' and having a 501c3 status, according to Weaver?

Context: Weaver argues that financial pressures cause preachers to compromise the truth.

How can we pray for and encourage pastors to be bold and courageous in our day?

Context: Weaver concludes by praying for God to raise up godly, courageous men.

Applications

Pray for courageous pastors

Summary: Believers should pray for God to raise up bold, truth-telling pastors who will lead without fear.

Evidence: Weaver prays, 'Father, raise up men. Give us, Lord, godly men, holy men, righteous men, courageous men.'

Stand for truth regardless of cost

Summary: Christians must be willing to lose reputation, possessions, or even life rather than compromise biblical truth.

Evidence: Weaver says, 'If we lose our building, we're going to stand for truth. If we lose the people in the congregation, we'll stand for truth.'

Know the Word of God thoroughly

Summary: To avoid being deceived by media and culture, believers must be deeply rooted in Scripture.

Evidence: Weaver warns, 'If you know the truth, you will see through error. But if you don't know the truth, you will believe error.'

Value God's approval over man's

Summary: The goal of ministry and life should be to please God, not to seek the favor of the world.

Evidence: Weaver states, 'I'd rather have the whole world hate me... and have God to smile upon me than to have the whole world smile upon me and God despise me.'

Teach and train others for spiritual battle

Summary: Pastors and church leaders should equip their congregations to stand firm in faith and truth.

Evidence: Jonas Clark trained his men for the hour of battle; Weaver implies this is a model for pastoral ministry.

deepseek | deepseek-v4-pro | clean_readable_transcript | 2026-06-06T01:02:37Z

deepseek | deepseek-v4-pro | weaver_study | 2026-06-06T15:14:10Z